Track II diplomacy is the practice of non-state actors using conflict resolution tactics (such as workshops and conversations) to “[lower] the anger or tension or fear that exists” between conflicting groups.

These “non-governmental, informal and unofficial contacts” host activities to improve communication and understanding between citizens, such as through workshops and conversations.^[1]

According to American peace activist Joseph V. Montville, who coined the term, track I diplomacy entails official, governmental diplomacy between nations, such as negotiations conducted by professional diplomats.^[2] Track II diplomacy refers to conflict resolution efforts by practitioners and theorists. These efforts involve “improved communication” to further “a better understanding of [conflicting groups’] point of view”.^[3],

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Track II diplomacy is the practice of non-state actors using conflict resolution tactics (such as workshops and conversations) to “[lower] the anger or tension or fear that exists” between conflicting groups.

These “non-governmental, informal and unofficial contacts” host activities to improve communication and understanding between citizens, such as through workshops and conversations.^[1]

According to American peace activist Joseph V. Montville, who coined the term, track I diplomacy entails official, governmental diplomacy between nations, such as negotiations conducted by professional diplomats.^[2] Track II diplomacy refers to conflict resolution efforts by practitioners and theorists. These efforts involve “improved communication” to further “a better understanding of [conflicting groups’] point of view”.^[3],

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